Scharfe Gedanken: Die Unselbständigkeit des Designs
„Das Brauchbare, von dem in diesen Überlegungen die Rede ist, ist weit gefasst, denn der historisch ausgebildeten getrennten Existenz der Disziplinen Architektur und Gestaltung entspricht kein systematischer Unterschied.“ Vor acht Jahren erschien ein kleines Bändchen, das ich allen in der Designbranche hiermit wärmstens ans Herz legen möchte, weil es so gar nicht in die vom Marketinggebrabbel beherrschte Designlandschaft passt. Darin finden sich scharfe und durchaus anstrengende Analysen wie die eingangs zitierte Feststellung – in der dem Design mal eben die Eigenständigkeit abgesprochen wird – in einer dann doch erfrischenden Frequenz.
Der Philosophieprofessor Andreas Dorschel – damals noch in Norwich, heute in Graz – nähert sich darin einigen Grundfragen der Produktgestaltung mit einer befreienden gedanklichen Präzision und allem Modischen abholden Wortwahl. Das beginnt bereits mit dem Titel: „Gestaltung – Die Ästhetik des Brauchbaren“. Der Gebrauch und die Form sind die zentralen Kategorien. Design verwendet er nur, wenn es um das heutige gesellschaftliche Phänomen, also die Branche, geht. Wie immer, wenn Gedankengänge im Spiel sind, ist Konzentration und Zeit erforderlich. Um dem Leser den Zugang zu der keineswegs leichten Kost zu ebnen, hat Dorschel seinen Ausführungen ein zweites, „analytisches“ Inhaltsverzeichnis vorangestellt. Unter 86 Punkten werden hier Argumentationsstränge kurz zusammengefasst.
Im ersten Hauptkapitel demontiert Dorschel den von Louis Sullivan stammenden Slogan „form follows function“. Was wie das Reiten eines bereits seit geraumer Zeit dahingerafften Gaules anmuten könnte, bietet doch manche Hinweise, die ausgetretenen Begriffs- und Denkschemata zu verlassen. Dorschel geht es um so scheinbar altmodische Kategorien wie Schönheit und Zweck sowie das Verhältnis von Kunst- und Gebrauchsdingen. So schlägt der Außenseiter gedankliche Schneisen in das scheinbar undurchdringliche Gestrüpp der trendgetriebenen Designseichtigkeiten. Und auch der Glaube an den Rettungsanker einer vermeintlichen Objektivität wird als unhaltbar dargelegt, denn „das Gelingen wird durch keine von der ästhetischen Vision ablösbare, mathematischen Proportionslehren folgende Vorausberechnung eines Gleichgewichts garantiert“.
Andreas Dorschel: Gestaltung – Die Ästhetik des Brauchbaren, Heidelberg 2002, Universitätsverlag C.Winter, 170 Seiten, 18.- Euro
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